How to Grow Citrus in Florida: Expert Tips for Gardeners & Growers
You can help by gardening sustainably and by supporting organizations that preserve groves; Your care and advocacy will keep Florida’s citrus groves flourishing for years to come
Florida’s climate is ideal for citrus, but trees need proper care. Plant citrus in full sun on well-drained soil. Avoid low, swampy spots that collect frost. Space trees at least 15–20 feet apart to ensure good air flow and fruit production. Always start with certified nursery stock to avoid introducing diseases. After planting, water young trees deeply until roots establish, then water regularly (about 1–2 inches per week in dry weather). Apply a 3-foot wide mulch ring to conserve moisture and suppress weeds.
Growing Tips:
Sun & Soil: Plant in the brightest, sunniest location available. Citrus prefers a sandy loam but can tolerate various soils if drainage is good.
Spacing: Keep at least 15–20 ft between trees so each tree gets enough light and airflow. Crowding reduces yield.
Fertilizer: Use a citrus-specific fertilizer. Feed young trees 3–4 times/year; established trees 4–5 times/year. Spread fertilizer evenly under the canopy (avoid the trunk) and water it in. UF/IFAS provides schedules based on tree age.
Pruning: Citrus generally needs little pruning. Remove only dead, diseased or crossing branches, and strip off any suckers growing from the rootstock. Over-pruning will reduce fruit.
Cold Protection: In North Florida, protect trees from freezes with horticultural frost cloth or by moving potted trees indoors. Many growers plant lemons, limes or kumquats in large containers so they can be brought inside during cold snaps.
Harvesting: Pick fruit when fully colored and sweet. Citruses do not ripen off the tree, so taste-test several fruits before harvesting the rest. Most Florida oranges and tangerines peak in winter or early spring.
How to Grow Citrus in Florida: Expert Tips for Gardeners & Growers
Stay vigilant for pests and diseases. Florida citrus is plagued by greening (HLB) – an incurable bacterium spread by psyllid insects. Infected trees gradually decline and die. Work with local extension agents: they can test trees and advise on insect control (to reduce psyllids) and other management.
Healthy groves often need community support. The Save Florida Citrus Groves Foundation, for example, provides grants and volunteer help to small farmers battling disease and economic hardship. You can help by gardening sustainably and by supporting organizations that preserve groves. Your care and advocacy will keep Florida’s citrus groves flourishing for years to come.
The time to act is now. Save Florida Citrus Groves Foundation: Donate today to help save the future of the iconic Florida orange.